Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of General Studies in Psychology. Bachelor of Arts – Requires four semesters of a second language Bachelor of General Studies. Special Programs and Facilities. The School of Education provides these programs and facilities for students, faculty, and, in many cases, the public. Requirements: 1 Core Course + 4 Elective Courses I. Core Course (3 units, compulsory): PSYC 1005 Principles of Psychology. Center for Visual Cognition (CVC) is located at the Department of Psychology of the University of Copenhagen. The Center was founded in 1993 and is currently a unit. Psychological Clinic . Welcome to the Department of Psychology. We hope that you find the information on this page helpful and invite you to explore our website to learn more about our. ![]() Racism - Psychology Wiki - Wikia. Assessment . This can lead to Racial discrimination against individuals based on a perceived or ascribed . This racist outlook in assuming that the human species can be hierarchically divided into races, is often bred of ignorance, fear, and prejudice. Racism often includes the belief that people of different races differ in aptitudes and abilities, such as intelligence, physical prowess, or virtue. Most individuals who use the concept of racial categories believe that different races can be placed on a ranked, hierarchical scale. By definition one who practices racism is known as a racist. Du. Bois argued that racialism is the philosophical belief that differences between the races exist, be they biological, social, psychological, or in the realm of the soul. He then went on to argue that racism is using this belief to push forward the argument that one's particular race is superior to the others. Organizations and institutions that practice racism discriminate against and marginalize a class of people who share a common racial designation. Racism is regarded by all but racists as an unacceptable affront to basic human dignity and a violation of human rights. A number of international treaties have sought to end racism. The United Nations uses a definition of racial discrimination laid out in the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and adopted in 1. People generally respond to others differently based on what they know, which may include superficial characteristics often associated with race. A police officer who spends most of his day in that same city encountering criminality or hostility among people of a certain ethnic background might be expected to react negatively to a member of that same ethnic group whom he meets off- duty. A law- abiding African- American man is less likely than a law- abiding European- American man to view that same police officer as an ally and protector, and more as a threat to his or her personal safety and well- being. In both sets of cases, theories of conditioning may apply. Others conflate recent forms of racism with earlier forms of ethnic and national conflict. In most cases, ethno- national conflict seems to owe to conflict over land and strategic resources. In some cases ethnicity and nationalism were harnessed to rally combatants in wars between great religious empires (for example, the Muslim Turks and the Catholic Austro- Hungarians). As Benedict Anderson has suggested in Imagined Communities, ethnic identity and ethno- nationalism became a source of conflict within such empires with the rise of print- capitalism. Historically, when an adversary is identified as . Indeed, based on such racist presumptions, the political or moral decision to enter into armed conflict can be made less weighty when one's potential adversaries are . One example of the brutalizing and dehumanizing effects of racism was the attempt to deliberately infect. Native Americans with smallpox during Pontiac's Rebellion in 1. According to historian Daniel Richter, Pontiac's Rebellion saw the emergence on both sides of the conflict of . In the western world, racism evolved, twinned with the doctrine of white supremacy, and helped fuel the European exploration, conquest, and colonization of much of the rest of the world - - especially after Christopher Columbus reached the Americas. Basil Davidson insists in his documentary, Africa: Different but Equal, that racism, in fact, only just recently surfaced—as late as the 1. Americas. The idea of slavery as an . Maintaining that Africans were . New peoples in the Americas, possible slaves, were encountered, fought, and ultimately subdued, but then due to western diseases, their population decreased innumerably. Through both influences, theories about . Some people like Juan Gin. In Asia, the Chinese and Japanese Empires were both strong colonial powers, with the Chinese making colonies and vassal states of much of east Asia throughout history, and the Japanese doing the same in the 1. In both cases, the Asian imperial powers believed they were ethnically and racially superior to their vassals, and entitled to be their masters. Below are a few well- known examples of racism in the Western world, and are not in any way exhaustive. While racism, xenophobia, and genocide weren't new, the scope of the atrocities committed by the German Nazis and the Japanese Imperialists was without precedent. Slavery in the United States. Edit. Contention over the morality and legality of the institution of slavery was one of the cardinal issues which led to the American Civil War. Results were stronger for higher quality r. The researchers view these results as strong evidence of unconscious biases rooted in the country's long history of discrimination. This is an example of structural racism, because it shows a widespread established belief system. Another example is apartheid in South Africa, and the system of Jim Crow laws in the United States of America. Another source is lending inequities of banks, and so- called redlining. Examples include racial apartheid in South Africa, wherein whites (a minority) discriminated against blacks (a majority), in Latin America, where predominantly African- descended peoples are often marginalized; this form of racism also occurred during the former colonial rule of such countries as Vietnam (by France) and India (by the United Kingdom). It is a perceived, reactionary, race- based hostility or antipathy of an oppressed and/or relatively powerless minority toward an oppressive and/or powerful majority group. In the United States, it is often used to refer to programs which attempt to correct the effects of previous instances of racism, such as affirmative action, but are perceived to simply be racism of a different form to a different group. The standard example is that if a policy is made to give African- Americans more jobs, based on their racial status, then the policy is effectively discriminating against whites who apply for the same jobs. In Finland, Swedes are getting many privileges like free university studies for almost all even if they actually are the richest and healthiest ethnic group. The concept of reverse racism, much less its application in any given situation, is highly contested. In the 1. 97. 0s, Uganda expelled tens of thousands of ethnic Indians. Until 2. 00. 3, Malaysia enforced discriminatory policies limiting access to university education for ethnic Chinese and Indian students who are citizens by birth of Malaysia, and many other policies explicitly favoring bumiputras (Malays) remain in force. Waves of anti- Semiticpogroms, in many cases state- sponsored, were launched in the 1. See History of the Jews in Russia and the Soviet Union. Following the creation of Israel, much state land was placed in the hands of the Jewish agency and became unavailable to private purchasers. Most of this land ultimately was used for the development of towns which had a Jewish majority. During this period Jews were expelled or fled Muslim countries. In 2. 00. 3 the State of Israel passed a law preventing Palestinians married to Israelis from gaining Israeli citizenship . In the summer of 2. State of Israel expelled all Jewish residents from Gaza, thus adding Gaza, like Jordan, to the areas of the former Mandate of Palestine that exclude Jews. Speaking Finnish at school was punished even in 1. Aland island (Finland) applies even today policy that officially . Law enforcement looks for people who . Some people consider this to be a form of racism. Some claim that profiling young Arab male fliers at airports will only lead to increased recruitment of older, non- Arab, and female terrorists, as well as Arab males who might be mistaken for white males. Some also state that this is unnecessary, as it brings the mistrust of many people. Many critics of racial profiling claim that it is an unconstitutional practice because it amounts to questioning individuals on the basis of what crimes they might commit or could possibly commit, instead of what crimes they have actually committed. Though presented as an effort to ensure equal opportunity, the practice is condemned to be racially discriminatory by others. A member of Race Y, Mary, has her opportunities adversely affected (directly and/or indirectly) by the mistreatment of her ancestors of race Y.). Institutional racism or structural racial discrimination - - racial discrimination by governments, corporations, or other large organizations with the power to influence the lives of many individuals. See Affirmative Action. Members of group X are taught to believe that they are members of a superior race, and, consequently, members of other races are inferior.). Same- race racism can occur where members of one race associate behaviors or appearances of other members of their race as being in relation to another race which is regarded negatively. For example, there have been issues with darker- skinned African- Americans disliking lighter- skinned African- Americans because of their lighter shade of skin, which may be associated with White parentage at some point in their genealogy (but may also not). A form of cultural racism (see above) can also be related to this, where members of a racial group are chastized by members of their own group for co- opting a culture which is perceived to be associated with another race (for example, there exists a stigma in many African- American communities against . Mary refuses to hire John because he is of race Y.) This is a concept not unanimously agreed upon. While this usually refers to discrimination against minority racial groups in Western societies, it can also (arguably) refer to the opposite situation, and in that case is often called reverse discrimination when it is due to affirmative action or other attempts to remedy past or current discrimination against minority racial groups.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
January 2017
Categories |